α-pinene oxidation products are also an important organic intermediates, such as 2, 3-epoxypinane can be derived by rearrangement, hydrolysis, ring opening and other reactions, and a series of important products such as campholenal, pinanediol, pinol hydrate, etc., and are widely used in spices, foods, drugs, resins and other fields. Therefore, selecting a suitable catalytic material based on the structural characteristics of α-pinene is a hot topic in catalysis research. The development of α-pinene catalysts has experienced metal oxides, metal complexes, molecular sieve, enzymes, supramolecules, metal porphyrins, etc. [11]. However, most of these catalytic systems have problems such as easy loss of catalytic center, low catalytic efficiency, complex preparation process, multiple side reactions, difficult separation of products and high cost. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a kind of green and efficient α-pinene oxidation catalytic system.

At room temperature, α-pinene is a clear, colorless liquid, volatile, insoluble in water, and contains a special double ring double bond structure, which has good biological activity and unique diversity of reactions. It is one of the important raw materials for the synthesis of camphor, borneol, terpinol, fragrance, resin and other chemical products in chemical industry and atmospheric chemistry.

In recent years, the medical field has also begun to pay attention to alpha-pinene. The pharmacological effects of α-pinene were found to be mainly anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-allergic and ameliorating ulcer.

1. Anti-tumor effect

Zhang Z et al. studied the effect of α-pinene on non-small cell lung cancer by combining α-pinene with paclitaxel to treat A549 cells, and the combination of drugs can increase the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on tumor. The results showed that α-pinene could significantly promote the apoptosis of tumor cells. This is mainly due to the synergistic effect when combined with paclitaxel. Further study of the mechanism showed that when α-pinene and paclitaxel were used in combination, the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells increased significantly, and there were changes in cell morphology, such as chromatin contraction and nuclear fragmentation, leading to apoptosis of tumor cells.

2. Antifungal effect

The main components of the cell wall of Candida albicans are chitin, glucose and mannan, the chemical composition of the cell membrane is mainly ergosterol, the nucleic acid is mainly DNA, a small amount of RNA. The synthesis of these components can lead to the death of bacterial cells. Xia Zhongdi et al. found that α-pinene can significantly inhibit the synthesis of chitin and polysaccharide in the cell wall of Candida albicans, the synthesis of ergosterol in the cell membrane, and the synthesis of nucleic acid DNA and RNA, especially the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis. Pichette A et al. also found that α-pinene has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects.

3, anti-allergy and improve ulcer effect

In Nam SY et al. 's study on the inhibitory effect of alpha-pinene on allergic rhinitis in mice, it was found that the expression of IL-4 in spleen lymphocytes decreased, and IgE, alpha-TNF, ICAM-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in nasal mucosa decreased. The increase in eosinophils and mast cells in the mice was also significantly reduced after alpha-pinene treatment. In addition, in the study of α-pinene on human mast cell line HMC-1, α-pinene inhibited the activity of sensitized phosphorylated RIP2, IKK-β, NF-κB and caspase-1. Therefore, alpha-pinene is considered to be an anti-allergy agent.

In the study of improving ulcer, α-pinene extracted from human oil of Pinheiro Mde A et al. was used to treat gastric ulcer in mice, and it was found that α-pinene had significant anti-ulcer activity.

In addition to the above pharmacological effects, α-pinene also has anti-anxiety drug activity, antioxidant effect, insect repellent and other effects.